What is Renal Failure?
Once kidney function is impaired this is described as renal (or kidney) failure and is classified as either acute or chronic. We will describe the difference between acute and chronic conditions a bit later. The word 'renal' has a Latin origin and means "kidney-related". The term "failure", in the context of the kidneys, means "not functioning optimally or fully". To more clearly understand what renal failure is, it might also be helpful to understand the difference between renal (or kidney) failure and kidney disease. Although these two terms are sometimes used interchangeably, they have slightly different emphasis. Kidney disease is any unhealthy condition or specific illness that affects the kidneys and impair kidney function. Kidney diseases can range from mild infections to life-threatening conditions such as kidney cancer. As a result of kidney diseases, the normal functions of the kidneys may be affected, leading to kidney failure. In summary, kidney disease is any illness that causes kidney failure (kidney dysfunction). It is possible to evaluate how well the kidneys are functioning by performing a series of tests, collectively referred to as "kidney function tests". Kidney (or renal) failure can range from mild to severe. The most severe stage, where the kidneys are not functioning at all, is described as "end stage renal failure". Needless to say, without proper diagnosis and treatment, this can be fatal. ACUTE KIDNEY (RENAL) FAILURE Acute kidney failure occurs when illness, or injury temporarily damages the kidneys. Consequently, the kidneys cannot adequately remove fluids and wastes from the body or properly regulate certain chemicals in the bloodstream. Although this can cause some problems in the short term, with proper and timely treatment, it can typically be reversed. Often there is no permanent damage to the kidneys. CHRONIC KIDNEY (RENAL) FAILURE Unlike acute kidney (renal) failure, which is temporary, chronic kidney (or renal) failure is long term and, in most cases, is irreversible. This is extremely serious and can eventually lead to a total shut down of the kidneys (end stage renal failure). Without proper treatment, to remove the wastes and fluids from the bloodstream, this condition is fatal. It is important to understand the effects of renal failure on the body and general health. The kidneys are the major organs in the body's natural filtration system. They remove waste products such as urea and toxins, along with excess fluids from the bloodstream, in the form of urine. When the kidneys fail (stop functioning as they should), then fluids and toxins begin to accumulate in the bloodstream. As the fluids begin to build up, the patient may become puffy and swollen in the face (edematous), and they may experience fatigue and nausea. Most symptoms of chronic kidney (renal) failure are not apparent until kidney disease is in an advanced stage. The most common causes of chronic kidney failure include diabetes mellitus, chronic inflammation of the kidneys' glomeruli (glomerulonephritis), hypertension (high blood pressure), kidney cancer, kidney stones, kidney reflux, systemic lupus erythematosus, and sickle-cell anemia. It is important to note that many of the conditions that contribute to kidney failure result from poor dietary and lifestyle habits. With some simple changes to our diets and lifestyles, we can proactively take measures to avoid it. Regular exercise, a balanced diet, healthy lifestyle choices, and detoxification will greatly contribute to this goal. While prevention is always best, in some cases, renal (or kidney) failure is not preventable. This is especially so, when it results from hereditary or genetic kidney disorders. If an individual begins to experience symptoms of kidney failure, they should immediately seek professional medical assistance. Early detection and treatment can go a long way in minimizing the impact of renal failure. The majority of kidney disorders, however, can be avoided. Diet and nutrition and some simple healthy lifestyle choices (such as regular exercise) can go a long way in preventing renal failure and minimizing its effects.
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